Keywords
web contents
TIC
socioterritorial appropriation
network externalities
Mexico
How to Cite
Abstract
The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, and its contents acquired a central position in the discourse construction of the socio-territorial appropriation of technologies of information and communications (TIC) during the past decade. With the displacement of theories based on technological significance and space substitution, the theoretical rearrangement driven by critical empiricism allowed the reform, in a more acceptable explanatory frame, of the approach of innovation networks involved in web production. However, because territorial determinism and the tendency to focus mainly on TIC technological development are maintained, critical empiricism shows conceptual weaknesses when explaining several contexts documented by research on web content. Among these discordant cases, the findings of this study show that innovation networks in Mexico's websites are fostered, among peers, by informative virtual externalities partially subjected to territorial hierarchies, vocational origin and virtual-thematic specialization.
References
AMIPCI. 2006. Estudio de internet en México 2006. http://www.amipci.org.mx/estudios.php (3 de junio de 2008).
––––––––––. 2004. Hábitos del mercado en línea en México. México: AMIPCI.
Bakis, Henry 1993. Economic and Social Geography toward the Integration of Communications Network Studies. En Corporate Networks, International Telecommunications and Interdependence, coordinado por Henry Bakis, Ronald Abler y Edward Roche, 1–15. Londres: Belhaven Press.
Blum, Bernardo y Avi Goldfarb. 2006. Does the Internet Defy the Law of Gravity? Journal of International Economics. Forthcoming. http://ssrn.com/abstract=876486.
Bresnahan, Timothy y Manuel Trajtenberg. 1995. General Purpose Technologies: Engines of growth? Journal of Econometrics 65: 83–108.
Cairncross, Frances. 2001. The Death of Distance 2.0, how the Communications Revolution will Change our Lives. Londres: Texere.
Castells, Manuel. 2000. The Internet Galaxy. Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Capello, Roberta y Peter Nijkamp. 1995. Le role des externalités de réseaux dans les performances des firmes et des régions: l'exemple des ntic. En Economie industrielle et économie spatiale, coordinado por Alain Rallet y André Torre, 272–293. París: Económica.
Choi, Junho H., George A. Barnett y Bum–Soo Chon. 2006. Comparing World City Networks: A Network Analysis of Internet Backbone and Air Transport Intercity Linkages. Global Networks 6 (1): 81–99.
Contreras, Óscar F.; Hiram Félix Rosas y Ulises Ponce Mendoza. 2001. Internet y comercio electrónico: una oportunidad para el desarrollo regional. En Internet y desarrollo regional, coordinado por Óscar Contreras y Ana Lucía Castro Luque, 13–42. Hermosillo: El Colegio de Sonora.
Dodge, Martin y Rob Kitchin. 2001. Mapping CyberSpace. Londres: Routledge.
Encuesta nacional cibermex. 2004. Ciberespacio, territorio y territorialidad en México. Mexicali: UABC.
Forman, Chris, Avi Goldfarb y Shane Greenstein. 2005. How did Location affect Adoption of the Commercial Internet? Global Village vs. Urban Leadership. Journal of Urban Economics 58 (3): 389–420.
Gaspar, Jess y Edward Glaeser. 1998. Information Technology and the Future of Cities. Journal of Urban Economics 43 (1): 136–56.
Gorman, Sean P. 2002. Where are the Web Factories?: The Urban Bias of E–business Location. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 51 (5): 522–536.
Graham, Stephen y Simon Marvin. 2001. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures Technological Mobilities and the Urban Conditions. Londres: Routledge.
Greenstein, Shane y Michael Mazzeo. 2006. The Role of Differentiation Strategy in Local Telecommunication Entry and Market Evolution: 1999–2002. Journal of Industrial Economics 54 (3): 323–350.
Hackler, Darenne. 2003. High–tech Growth and Telecommunications Infrastructure in Cities. Urban Affairs Review 39: 59–86.
Heim, Michael. 1993. The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
Hillis, Ken. 1998. On the Margins: The Invisibility of Communications in Geography. Progress in Human Geography 22 (4): 543–566.
Hualde, Alfredo y Djamel Toudert. 2006. Las regiones mexicanas y la economía del conocimiento: aproximaciones conceptuales y evidencias empíricas. Seminario internacional globalización, conocimiento y desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
INEGI. 2006. Uso de equipo informático e internet en algunos de los procesos productivos de las empresas. Censo económico 2004. Carpetas temáticas. Aguascalientes: INEGI.
––––––––––. 2005. Disponibilidad y uso de tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones en los hogares. Aguascalientes: INEGI.
Kirman, Alan y Jean Benoit Zimmermann. 2001. Economics with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents. Londres: Springer.
Kolko, Jed. 2000. The Death of Cities? The Death of Distance? Evidence from the Geography of Commercial Internet Usage. En The Internet Upheaval, coordinado por Ingo Vogelsang y Benjamin Compaine, 73–98. Cambridge: The mit Press.
Lévy, Pierre. 1997. Collective Intelligence. Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace. Londres: Plenum Publishing Corporation.
Lebart, Ludovic, Alain Morineau y Marie Piron. 1995. Statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle. París: Dunod.
Malecki, Edward J. y Carlton R. Boush. 2003. Telecommunications Infrastructure in the Southeastern United States: Urban and Rural Variation. Growth and Change 34 (1): 109–129.
Markley Robert. 1996. Introduction: History, Theory and Virtual Reality. En Virtual Realities and their Discontents, coordinado por ídem., 1–10. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Moss, Mitchell y Anthony Townsend. 2000. The Internet Backbone and the American Metropolis. Information Society 16 (1): 35–47.
Moss, Mitchell y Anthony Townsend. 1997. Tracking the Net: Using Domain Names to Measure the Growth of the Internet in U.S. Cities. Journal of Urban Technology 4 (3): 47–60.
OECD. 2003. Information and Communications Technologies. Communications Outlook, París.
O'Kelly Morton E. y Tony H. Grubesic. 2002. Backbone Topology. Access and the Commercial Internet, 1997–2000. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29: 533–552.
Sassen, Saskia. 2002. The Linked Cities. Londres: Routledge.
Scharl, Arno. 2000. Evolutionary Web Development. Londres: Springer.
Suire, Rafael y Jérôme Vicente. 2002. Géographie de la net–économie: qu'y a–t–il de nouveau? En Europe: la société européenne de l'information, coordinado por Maurice Baslé y Thiery Penard, 87–117. París: Económica.
Taylor, Peter James. 2003. World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis. Londres: Routledge.
Toudert, Djamel. 2007. Algunos rasgos y particularidades de la polarización territorial de la producción de contenidos web en México. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio VII (23): 579–611.
––––––––––. 2005. El ciberespacio, territorios y territorialidad en México. Ponencia presentada en el coloquio Fronteras y poderes en América Latina, en el Centro de Investigación y Documentación sobre América Latina (CREDAL), del Centro Nacional de Investigación Científica (CNRS), París.
Toudert, Djamel y Gustavo Buzai. 2004. Cibergeografía. Tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) en las nuevas visiones espaciales. Baja California: UABC.
Toudert, Djamel. 2003. La integración telemática en México: algunos límites y contradicciones de la planeación centralizada. Región y sociedad XV (28): 193–223.
––––––––––. 2000. La www en la frontera mexicana. Hacia el descubrimiento de una dimensión desconocida. Frontera Norte 13 (24): 7–33.
Vicente, Jérôme. 2002. Externalités de réseaux vs. externalités information–nelles dans les dynamiques de localisation. Revue d'Economie Regionale et Urbaine 4: 535–552.
Wheeler, David C. y Morton E. O'Kelly 1999. Network Topology and City Accessibility of the Commercial Internet. Professional Geographers 51 (3): 327–339.
Zimmermann, Jean–Benoit. 2001. The Firm–territory Relationships in the Globalization: Towards a New Rational. European Journal of Economic and Social Systems 15: 57–75.
Zook, Matthew. 2005. The Geography of the Internet Industry: Venture Capital, Dot–coms, and Local Knowledge. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
––––––––––. 2002. Hubs, Nodes and By–passed Places: A Typology of E–commerce Regions in the United States. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 93 (5): 509–521.
––––––––––. 2000. Internet Metrics: Using Hosts and Domain Counts to Map the Internet Globally. Telecommunications Policy 24 (6–7): 613–620.
––––––––––. 2001. Old Hierarchies or New Networks of Centrality? The Global Geography of the Internet Content Market. American Behavioral Scientist 44 (10): 1679–1696.
Open access policy
The authors who publish in región y sociedad accept the following conditions:
In accordance with the copyright laws, región y sociedad recognizes and respects the authors’ moral rights, as well as the ownership of property rights, which will be transferred to the journal to disseminate the articles in open access. región y sociedad does not charge the authors for submitting and processing articles for publication.
All the texts published by región y sociedad —with no exception— are distributed under a Creative Commons license 4.0 Attribution – Noncommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0 International), which allows third parties to use the publication as long as they mention the works’ authorship and the first publication in this journal.
The authors can enter into independent and additional contractual agreements for the nonexclusive distribution of the version of the article published in región y sociedad (for instance include it into an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was published for the first time in región y sociedad.
For all the above, the author(s) must send the Letter of transfer of property rights of the first publication duly filled in and signed by the author(s). This letter can be sent by e-mail as a PDF to: region@colson.edu.mx